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Studies that look at treatment
effects or other effect sizes |
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Dichotomous (number of events) |
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Unmatched groups, prospective (e.g.,
controlled trials, cohort studies) |
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Events and sample size in each
group |
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Non-events and sample size in each group |
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Events and non-events in each group |
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Event rate and sample size in each group |
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Chi-squared and total sample size |
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Matched groups, prospective (e.g.,
crossover trials or pre-post designs) |
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Matched 2x2 table |
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Events and sample size in each treatment,
and external correlation |
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Non-events and sample size in each treatment,
and external correlation |
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Events and non-events in each treatment, and
external correlation |
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Event rate and sample size in each treatment,
and external correlation |
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Unmatched groups, retrospective
(e.g., case control studies) |
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Exposed and unexposed for cases and controls |
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Exposed and total for cases and controls |
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Proportion exposed and total for cases and
controls |
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Matched 2x2 table for case-control study |
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Computed effect sizes |
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Odds ratio and confidence limits |
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Log odds ratio and standard error |
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Log odds ratio and variance |
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Peto's (O-E) and V |
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Risk ratio and confidence limits |
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Log risk ratio and standard error |
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Log risk ratio and variance |
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Risk difference and confidence limits |
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Risk difference and standard error |
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Risk difference and variance |
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Continuous (means) |
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Unmatched groups, post data only |
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Mean, SD and sample size in each group |
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Difference in means, common SD, and sample
size |
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Cohen's d (standardized by pooled within-groups
SD) and sample size |
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Means, sample size, and t-value |
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Difference in means, sample size, and t-value |
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Sample size and t-value |
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Means, sample size, and p-value |
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Difference in means, sample size, and p-value |
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Sample size and p-value |
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Unmatched groups, pre and post data |
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Means, SD pre and post, N, in each group,
Pre/Post Corr |
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Means, SD difference, N, in each group, Pre/Post
Corr |
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Means pre and post in each group, t within
groups, N |
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Means pre and post in each group, p within
groups, N |
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Means pre and post in each group, F for difference
between changes, N |
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Mean change, SD pre and post, N, in each group,
Pre/Post Corr |
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Mean change, SD difference, N, in each group,
Pre/Post Corr |
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Mean change in each group, t within groups,
N |
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Mean change in each group, p within groups,
N |
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Mean change in each group, F for difference
between changes, N |
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F for difference between changes, N |
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One group (pre-post) and matched
groups |
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Mean difference, SD of difference, and sample
size |
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Means, SD Pre, SD Post, Pre/Post correlation,
and sample size |
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Means, sample size, and paired t-value |
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Means, sample size, and paired p-value |
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Mean difference, sample size, and t-value |
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Mean difference, sample size, and p-value |
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Sample size and t-value from paired t-test |
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Sample size and p-value from paired t-test |
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Computed effect sizes |
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Raw difference in means and confidence limits
(independent groups) |
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Raw difference in means and standard error
(independent groups) |
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Raw difference in means and variance (independent
groups) |
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Cohen's d (standardized by pooled within-groups
SD) and confidence limits |
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Cohen's d (standardized by pooled within-groups
SD) and standard error |
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Cohen's d (standardized by pooled within-groups
SD) and variance |
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Hedges's g (standardized by pooled within-groups
SD) and confidence limits |
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Hedges's g (standardized by pooled within-groups
SD) and standard error |
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Hedges's g (standardized by pooled within-groups
SD) and variance |
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Raw mean difference and confidence limits
(paired study) |
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Raw mean difference and standard error (paired
study) |
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Raw mean difference and variance (paired study) |
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Cohen's d (standardized by SD of difference
scores) and confidence limits |
 |
Cohen's d (standardized by SD of difference
scores) and standard error |
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Correlation |
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Computed effect sizes |
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Correlation and sample size |
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Correlation and standard error |
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Correlation and variance |
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Fisher's Z and sample size |
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Fisher's Z and standard error |
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Fisher's Z and variance |
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Correlation and t-value |
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t-value and sample size for correlation |
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p-value and sample size for correlation |
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Rates (events by person years) |
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Unmatched groups |
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Events and person years in each group |
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Event rate and person years in each group |
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Computed effect sizes |
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Rate ratio and confidence limits |
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Log rate ratio and standard error |
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Log rate ratio and variance |
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Rate difference and confidence limits |
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Rate difference and standard error |
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Rate difference and variance |
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Survival (time to event) |
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Computed effect sizes |
|
Hazard ratio and confidence limits |
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Log hazard ratio and standard error |
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Log hazard ratio and variance |
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Studies that look at events
or means for one group |
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Dichotomous (number of events) |
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Raw data |
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Events and sample size |
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Non-events and sample size |
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Events and non-events |
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Event rate and sample size |
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Continuous (means) |
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Raw data |
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Mean, SD and sample size |
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Computed effect sizes |
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Mean and confidence limits |
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Mean and standard error |
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Mean and variance |
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Rates (events by person years) |
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Raw data |
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Events and person years |
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Event rate and person years |
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Generic effects analyzed
in raw scale units |
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Data analyzed in raw scale |
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Computed effect sizes |
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Point estimate and condfidence limits |
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Point estimate and standard error in raw units |
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Point estimate and variance in raw units |
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Generic effects analyzed
in log units |
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Data analyzed in log scale |
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Computed effect sizes |
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Point estimate and confidence limits in raw
units |
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Point estimate and standard error in log units |
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Point estimate and variance in log units |
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